再论安全化:理论困境与对外政策话语分析的新探索

Revisiting Securitization: Theoretical Dilemma and New Exploration in Foreign Policy Discourse Analysis

随着安全化理论影响力与应用范围的扩大,其局限性愈发突显,主要表现为对安全化动因和影响方式认知不足、对安全化和去安全化关系解释不清,以及对安全政策动态演化逻辑解释不强三个方面。本文在梳理既往研究基础上,结合话语制度主义和政治修辞理论重新审视安全化理论在对外政策分析中的实践机制后发现,安全化与去安全化是对外政策实践中具有关联但又各自独立运作的建构进程,二者在政策过程中的触发、延续、终止甚至交叉实践都始终服务于决策者在特定认知情境下的主观决策行为。对安全化理论的再探讨不仅有助于弥补既往安全化理论的认知缺陷,更可为优化中国总体安全治理方略提供理论支撑,为制定相应政策提供参考。

With the expansion of theoretical influence and application scope of the securitization theory,its shortcomings have become more and more prominent in foreign policy analysis,mainly manifested in the following three aspects: insufficient awareness of security motives and influence methods,unclear explanation of the relationship between securitization and desecuritization,as well as the weak logical explanation for the formation of security-related foreign policies. Based on the previous research,this paper re-examines the practice mechanism of securitization theory in foreign policy analysis in combination with discourse institutionalism and political rhetoric theory,and finds that securitization and desecuritization are related but operate independently in the practice of foreign policy,the triggering,continuation,termination and even crosspractice of both in the policy process always server the decision-maker’s subjective decision-making behavior in a specific cognitive context. The re-discussion of the securitization theory will not only help to make up for the cognitive shortcomings of the previous securitization theory,but also provide theoretical support for optimizing China’s overall security governance strategy and provide reference for formulating corresponding policies.