美国犹太组织与特朗普时期的美以“亲密”关系

American Jewish Organizations and the “Close” Relationship between the United States and Israel in Trump’s Period

特朗普时期,美、以右翼势力实现了大联合,并以此为政治基础塑造了美以关系的"亲密无间"。领导人个人之间在政治上相互支持和依托、美国对以色列的全面"惠顾"和双方在分歧性议题上的体谅和沟通,形成这一时期美以关系的重要特征。针对内部同样日益"极化"的美国犹太社团,美、以两国右翼政府对不同的犹太群体和组织奉行"扶右抑左"的分化性战略。而不同犹太群体和组织也往往依据党派立场分属相互对立的阵营,以一种高度"极化"的方式应对美以"亲密"关系。"美以公共事务委员会"等建制派犹太亲以组织不再轻易"左右逢源",在维系两党亲以共识方面面临严峻挑战。美国政党政治和美国犹太社团的双层"极化"驱使美以关系在"困境"和"亲密"之间摆动,导致美国不同犹太组织以高度分化的方式应对美以关系的变动。美以特殊关系发展的内、外条件都发生了不同以往的结构性变化。

During Trump’s period,the right-wing forces of the United States and Israel achieved great unity,and based on this political foundation,the relationship between the United States and Israel was "intimate". The important characteristics of the USIsrael relationship in this period are the mutual political support among leaders,the comprehensive patronage of the United States to Israel,and the understanding and communication between the two sides on divergent issues. In view of the increasingly "polarized" American Jewish community,the right-wing governments of the United States and Israel jointly pursue the differentiation strategy of "supporting the right and suppressing the left"for different Jewish groups and organizations. However,different Jewish groups and organizations often belong to opposing camps with partisan positions,and deal with the "intimate" relationship between the United States and Israel in a highly "polarized" way. The "American-Israeli Public Affairs Committee" and other Jewish establishment pro-Israel organizations are no longer easily be able to achieve success,and how to maintain the bipartisanship in the support of Israel has become a severe challenge. The double-layer polarization between American party politics and American Jewish community drives the relationship between the United States and Israel to swing between "dilemma"and "intimacy",which leads different American Jewish organizations to cope with the change of the relationship between the United States and Israel in a highly differentiated way. The internal and external conditions for the development of the special relationship between the United States and Israel have changed structurally.