身份政治:伊朗阿塞拜疆人的身份重构与伊朗的周边外交

Identity Politics: The Identity Reconstruction of Iranian Azerbaijanis and Iran’s Peripheral Diplomancy

跨界民族是影响国家间关系的重要变量。伊朗作为多民族国家,其边疆地区主要由跨界民族组成。这不仅增加伊朗国内民族关系的复杂性,还影响伊朗与周边国家关系。基于此,本文以伊朗第二大民族阿塞拜疆族为研究对象,探究伊朗阿塞拜疆族如何成为伊朗周边外交的重要考量,进而探析伊朗如何构建与周边国家的关系。研究发现,伊朗的阿塞拜疆人具有多重身份认同,并能产生地缘政治影响。对内,伊朗淡化阿塞拜疆人的族群认同,以共同的什叶派信仰为基础强化宗教文化认同,以睦邻政策维护民族团结。对外,伊朗奉行务实的平衡外交以防止敌对国家的分化政策与楔子战略。伊朗的这些举措一方面化解了国内阿塞拜疆人的不满,另一方面为伊朗构建稳定和谐的周边环境、保障周边安全奠定了基础。

Cross-border ethnicity is an important variable that affects relations between countries. As a multi-ethnic country,Iran’s border areas are composed of cross-border ethnic groups. The existence of cross-border ethnic groups has not only increased the complexity of Iran’s internal ethnic relations,but has also become an important factor affecting Iran’s relations with neighboring countries. Based on this,this article takes the Azerbaijani ethnic group,the second largest ethnic group in Iran,as a case study to explore how the Iranian Azerbaijani ethnic group becomes an important consideration for Iran’s foreign exchanges,and then explores how Iran builds relations with neighboring countries. Research finds that Iranian Azerbaijanis have multiple identities,which can have geopolitical influences. Iran has downplayed the ethnic identity of Azerbaijanis,strengthen religious and cultural identity based on common Shia beliefs,and maintain national unity with a good-neighborly policy. Externally,Iran pursues a pragmatic and balanced diplomacy to prevent the division policy and wedge strategy of hostile countries. These measures on the one hand resolve the dissatisfaction of the domestic Azerbaijanis,on the other hand,they have laid the foundation for Iran to build a stable and harmonious surrounding environment to ensure the security and stability of its surroundings.