基于ABC-X模型手术室护士共情疲劳现状及其影响因素

Analysis on the current status and influencing factors of empathy fatigue in operating room nurses based on ABC-X model

目的:探究基于ABC-X模型手术室护士共情疲劳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用分层抽样法,选取2020年7月至2020年10月手术室护士进行问卷调查,以ABC-X模型(压力源、家庭资料及对压力源事件的认知)分析手术室护士共情疲劳的影响因素。结果:共发放问卷200份,有效回收问卷193份(96.50%)。193名手术室护士共情疲劳总分为(83.62±9.10)分,其中140例存在共情疲劳,占比72.54%。存在共情疲劳的护士领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)评分、成人心理弹性量表(RSA)评分及压力知觉量表(PSS)评分均低于无共情疲劳者(t=3.141,6.249,3.778;P<0.01)。单因素分析显示,不同工作待遇满意程度、工作负荷、竞争压力、休假情况、PSSS评分、RSA评分及PSS评分的护士共情疲劳的发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.268,7.328,7.166,16.291,7.817,25.514,6.425;P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,PSSS评分、RSA评分及PSS评分与手术室护士共情疲劳有关(β=-0.181,-0.316,-0.144;P<0.05)。结论:手术室护士普遍存在共情疲劳,主要受领悟社会支持度、心理弹性和个人压力的影响,通过建立共情疲劳筛查系统、提高社会支持度、增强心理建设是预防手术室护士共情疲劳的有效手段。

Objective:To explore the current status of empathy fatigue in operating room nurses based on ABC-X model,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:The operating room nurses from July to October 2020 was investigated by stratified sampling method.The influencing factors of empathy fatigue in operating room nurses were analyzed by ABC-X model(stressors,family data,cognition to stressor events).Results:There were 200 questionnaires issued,and 193 questionnaires(96.50%)were effectively recycled.The total score of empathy fatigue in the 193 operating room nurses was(83.62±9.10)points,and there were 140 cases(72.54%)with empathy fatigue.The scores of perceived social support scale(PSSS),resilience scale for adults(RSA)and perceived stress scale(PSS)in nurses with empathy fatigue were all lower than those without empathy fatigue(t=3.141,6.249,3.778;P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of empathy fatigue among nurses with different satisfaction degree with job pay,workloads,competitive pressure,vacation status,PSSS,RSA and PSS scores(χ^(2)=8.268,7.328,7.166,16.291,7.817,25.514,6.425;P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that PSSS score(β=-0.181),RSA score(β=-0.316)and PSS score(β=-0.144)were related to empathy fatigue in operating room nurses(P<0.05).Conclusion:Empathy fatigue is common in operating room nurses,which is mainly affected by perceived social support,psychological resilience and personal pressure.Establishing the screening system of empathy fatigue,improving social support and enhancing psychological construction are effective means to prevent empathy fatigue in operating room nurses.