显赫范畴的域内功能扩展和域外功能扩展--以芬兰语部分格标记为例

Intra-domain and extra-domain functional expansion of mighty categories:A case study of Finnish partitive marker

本文在讨论芬兰语部分格标记功能扩展的基础上,提出区分显赫范畴的域内功能扩展与域外功能扩展。芬兰语部分格标记可以扩展,表达无界最、无定、非完整体和否定,其中量范畴和指称范畴的扩展为域内功能扩展,非完整体和否定范畴的扩展为域外功能扩展。受制于原范畴与扩展范畴之间的认知心理距离、语言单位线性排列距离以及语言库藏限制,域外功能扩展的发生难度大、跨语言复现度低,对语言库藏和语言类型特征的塑造起重要作用,应受到理论层面的重视。

Based on the discussion of functional expansion of Finnish partitive marker,this paper proposes to distinguish mighty categories’expansions between intra-domain and extra-domain functions.The Finnish partitive marker can be expanded to express unbounded quantity,indefinite,imperfective and negative meanings.The expansion to quantitative and referential categories reflects an intra-domain expansion and the expansion to aspectual and modal categories an extra­domain expansion.The extra-domain functional expansion is constrained by 1)the distance between the original and expanded categories,2)the distance between the linear arrangements of language units,and 3)the limitations of the language inventory.As a result,the expansion faces difficulty in occurrence and low degree of cross-linguistic reproducibility;meanwhile,it plays a more important role in the shaping of the language inventory and language characteristics,which should be given attention to at the theoretical level.