20世纪以来世界历史分期问题探讨

On the Periodization of World History since the 20th Century

20世纪以来,中外世界史学界围绕世界历史分期问题展开讨论。国外学界比较具代表性的分期方案有体现"现代性"的"古代—中世纪—现代"三段论分期、以交往和联系作为关键逻辑的"世界体系"和"全球史"分期、佩里·安德森的"过渡期"分期及后现代主义的碎片化、主观化分期等。国内比较有代表性的则有以"社会形态"演进为主线的苏联式世界历史分期、以纵向和横向"联系"发展为主线的吴于廑—齐世荣世界历史分期编纂实践和现代化—文明史的历史分期等。国内外的世界历史分期出现了某种呼应和共识,但要解决世界历史分期问题,仍需回到探讨世界历史变迁有无普遍规律上来。

Since the 20 th century,Chinese and foreign historians have concerned about the periodization of world history.The representative phasing schemes in foreign academic circles include four stages.The first is the"ancient-medieval-modern"syllogism staging,which embodies"modernity".The second is the"world system"and"global history",which mainly takes communication and connection as the logical link.The third is Perry Andersons"transitional period"staging,which represents the western Marxist thought.The fourth is the post-modernism stage,which mainly reflects the fragmentation in history.The domestic representative staging schemes include three stages.The first is staging world history with the evolution of"social formation"as the main line under the influence of the historiography of Soviet world history.The second is Wu Yujin-Qi Shirongs practice in compiling world history,taking connections as its main logic.The third is the stages of modernization-civilization history.The above staging shows consensuses in world history periodization at home and abroad.However,this paper argues that historians still need to further explore whether there are universal laws in world history staging in order to solve the problems in world history periodization.