北京市大学生用药风险知信行研究与对策分析

Research and Countermeasures of Knowledge-attitude-practice Concerning Medication Risks among University Students in Beijing

目的:调查北京市在校大学生的用药风险知识、态度和行为(knowledge-attitude-practice,KAP)现状,分析相关风险因素,为安全用药科普的供给侧改革提供对策。方法:以KAP模型为基础,通过线上问卷形式对北京市大学生进行基本信息和用药风险知识、态度、行为等问题进行调查及统计描述,按照不同人口学特征分组后进行比较和多重线性回归。结果:共收回有效并合格的问卷722份,受访者年龄为(23.55±3.28)岁,男(56.92%)多于女(43.07%),医学类和非医学类专业各占28.53%和71.47%。用药知识评分优秀,用药行为和对用药教育态度良好。女性、全日制培养模式、医学专业、在读阶段越高的大学生合理用药知识越好;男性、医学专业、知晓医保报销比例、在读阶段越低的大学生对合理用药教育的态度越好;女性、全日制培养模式的大学生真实用药行为更好。大学生获取用药知识的来源主要为网络,更倾向由医疗机构专业人士进行科普活动,买药时经常会受到药店人员影响。结论:针对大学生开展用药科普,应倾向于更有深度的内容,增加因果关系解释,由医生、药师等专业人员进行。管理部门应注意加强对社会药店员工的培训、监督和管理。

Objective:To investigated the knowledge,attitudes,and practices(KAP)of drug use among university students in Beijing,analyze the possible risk factors,and provide strategies for the supply-side reform of safe drug use popularization.Methods:Based on the KAP model,the basic information,medication knowledge,attitudes,and practices of university students in Beijing were investigated through online questionnaire.T-test,non-parametric test and multiple linear regression were applied to identify the risk factors related to drug use.Results:A total of 722 qualified questionnaires were collected,the interviewees were(23.55±3.28)years old,males(56.92%)were more than females(43.07%),and medical and non-medical majors accounted for 28.53%and 71.47%,respectively.The score of knowledge was excellent,and the attitudes and the practices of drug use education were good.The knowledge of rational drug use was better for female,medical,full-time,and higher educated students.Male,medical,knowing the reimbursement rate of medical insurance,and lower educated students had better attitudes towards medication education.Female and full-time students had better drug use behavior.The main source of drug knowledge for college students was network-based,and medical professionals were more welcome to carry out science popularization activities.They were always influenced by salespersons when buying medicines.Conclusion:The popularization of rational drug use for this group should tend to be more in-depth,with casual explanations,and carried out by doctors,pharmacists,and other professionals.The management department should pay attention to strengthen the training,supervision,and management of the staff of social pharmacies.