珠海市金湾区老年人轻度认知障碍现况调查及影响因素分析

Current Status of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People in Jinwan District of Zhuhai and Its Influence Factors

目的分析珠海市金湾区老年人轻度认知障碍(MCI)的患病率及其危险因素,为制定早期干预措施提供理论依据。方法于2019年8月—2020年1月对珠海市金湾区300例≥65岁老年人进行问卷调查,使用MoCA-B量表进行认知功能评价,实际回收有效调查问卷287份。统计该地区老年人MCI患病率,采用卡方检验比较MCI组和认知正常组一般资料的差别,采用二分类Logistic回归分析明确MCI的影响因素。结果在287例调查对象中,MCI患病率为22.3%(64/287)。单因素分析显示,不同教育程度、生活方式、每天锻炼时间、每天睡眠时长、个人疾病史对患者的MCI患病率具有显著差异(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,教育程度高、适当时长的体育锻炼和睡眠时长是老年人MCI患病的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。不良嗜好、个人疾病史是老年人MCI患病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论珠海市老年人群MCI患病率较高且存在多种发病危险因素,应当制定适宜的早期诊断和早期干预措施,以延缓和减少老年痴呆的发生。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in the elderly in Jinwan District,Zhuhai and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of early intervention measures.Methods We enrolled 300 elderly people in Jinwan District,Zhuhai and questionnaire survey was conducted,from August 2019 to January 2020.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic(MoCA-B)scale was used to evaluate cognitive function to estimate the prevalence of MCI among older people(≥65 years)in the area.A total of 287 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Furthermore,univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to clarify the factors affecting the presence of MCI.Results The prevalence of MCI among 287 study subjects was 22.3%(64/287).Univariable analysis indicated that there were significant differences in education background,lifestyle,exercise time per day,sleep time per day,and personal history of disease(P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that a high level of education,appropriate length of physical exercise and length of sleep were the protect factors affecting the prevalence of MCI(P<0.05).Bad habits and personal disease history were the independent risk factors for MCI in the elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of MCI is high in the elderly in Zhuhai and its incidence is associated with several risk factors.Measures should be taken for early detection and intervention to delay and reduce the occurrence of MCI.