《曲阜孔庙之建筑及其修葺计划》与中国建筑遗产修缮事业

The Preservation and Renovation Plan of Qufu Confucius Temple and the Restoration of Chinese Architectural Heritage

梁思成于1935年为曲阜孔庙修缮工程编制的《曲阜孔庙之建筑及其修葺计划》,是我国古建筑修缮设计方案的最早蓝本,对中国遗产保护事业影响深远。这部为国家工程而制定的方案体系完整、理念科学、技术合理,为当时方兴未艾的建筑遗产保护修缮事业提供了范例和标准。虽是工程方案,但梁思成并未完全着眼于技术,而是致力于以科学精神重新定义遗产修缮,创制基于现代保护观念的保护体系,并着力向社会展示宣传孔庙建筑的价值,以期完善国家遗产保护制度,提升国民对优秀遗产的价值认同。该方案的学术识见及工程经验来自中国营造学社研究古代建筑、主持修缮工程多年的积累,以及源于西方的科学修缮理念。其不仅为中国的古建筑保护工作带来完整的思想体系、科学的修缮理念、正确的程序和保障体制,更提供了理念超前且符合我国遗产特点的实施技术,并为设计方案的编制提供了标准的范本。

In 1935,Liang Sicheng completed the preservation and renovation plan of the Confucius Temple in Qufu(Qufu Kongmiao zhi jianzhu jiqi xiuqi jihua),which,as the first plan of its kind in China,had a farreaching impact on China’s cultural heritage conservation field.The systematic and scientific approach to planning through reasonable and responsible use of technology provided a standard-setting model for development of consveration plans of Chinese architectural heritage.Although it started out as an engineering project,Liang did not focus on technology alone.Instead,he imbued cultural heritage restoration with scientific spirit,creating a modern conservation concept that improved the national heritage protection system,while highlighting the value of Confucius temple architecture to enhance recognition of cultural heritage.Liang had obtained the necessary academic insight and practical knowledge through his work at the Society for the Study of Chinese Architecture(Zhongguo Yingzao Xueshe)as well as through his studies at American universities(where he had been exposed to Western conservation theories).Ultimately,Liang developed a comprehensive,scientific conservation concept that propagated accurate procedures for restoration and protection of historical buildings and the use of technology in line with the characteristics of China’s distinct cultural heritage.