公共政策的间断式变迁何以发生?——以全面“禁野”政策的出台为例

How Does Punctuated Change of Public Policy Happen?——Based on the Introduction of"Complete Fasting for Wild Animals"Policy

政策的间断式变迁是政策变迁的重要形态,为更好地理解这一现象何以发生,文章在提炼、修正间断-均衡理论相关概念和命题的基础上建构一个新的分析框架。以2020年全面"禁野"政策的出台为典型案例,充分运用大量自然涌现、公开可得的经验材料检验分析框架的有效性。研究发现:(1)焦点事件、科学知识和话语建构各有侧重、相互强化、层层递进、内在统一,共同构成了政策间断式变迁的助推力量。(2)焦点事件、科学知识的叠加效应及话语建构的蠕变效应强化了三大要素的助推功能,提升了它们促成政策间断式变迁的可能性。(3)在中国自上而下、政府高度主导的决策体制下,政府决策系统的回应性构成上述三大要素得以有效发挥作用的基础性条件。文章在理论上扩展和深化了政策间断式变迁的解释因素,论证了不同因素之间的联动作用机制,同时对中国特定政治语境和决策体制下的政策间断式变迁提出了不同于已有解释的分析思路。

Punctuated change is an important form of policy change,in order to better understand how the phenomenon happens,this paper constructs a new analytical framework on the basis of refining and revising the concepts and propositions related to punctuated-equilibrium theory.Then this paper takes the introduction of"complete fasting for wild animals"policy as a typical case,and make use of a wealth of naturally occurring,publicly available empirical material to test the framework’s validity.The research finds:(1)Focus event,scientific knowledge and discourse construction have their own emphasis,reinforce each other,progress at different levels and unify internally,which together constitute an important driving force for policy punctuated change.(2)The superimposed effect of focus event and scientific knowledge,and the creep effect of discourse construction strengthen the boosting function of the three major elements,and enhanced the possibility of policy punctuated change.(3)Under China’s top-down and highly government-dominated policy-making system,the high responsiveness of the government policy-making system is the basic condition for the three elements mentioned above to play an effective role.This paper theoretically expands and deepens the explanatory factors of policy punctuated change,demonstrates the linkage mechanism among different factors,and puts forward an analytical thought different from the existing explanations for the policy punctuated change under the specific political context and policy-making system of China.