“谁来扶”:精准扶贫中帮扶主体的选择——基于柳村结对帮扶随机试验的分析

Who Should Be the Helper? Helpers in Targeted Poverty Alleviation——Evidence from a Randomized Trial on Partner Assistance in Liu Village

基于对一个贫困村的观察,利用其随机确定结对帮扶关系这一事实,本文试图从扶贫需求识别、扶贫措施选择以及整体脱贫效果等三个方面识别帮扶过程中的关键因素。分析结果表明,不同帮扶主体识别扶贫需求的准确性、选择扶贫措施的精准性以及取得的整体脱贫效果均存在明显的不同,帮扶主体的选择是脱贫攻坚取得胜利的重要一环。帮扶主体利益关系的独立性、帮扶意愿是帮扶主体有效识别扶贫需求、提升扶贫措施精准性、强化帮扶效果的关键,帮扶能力的作用并未得到经验证据的支撑。上述研究结果的政策含义是在扶贫攻坚的过程中,"谁来扶"是十分重要的一环,应予充分重视;在帮扶主体选择过程中,强化社会资本、人力资本以及政治资本的举措虽然重要,但是同时也应完善帮扶主体的激励机制,提升其帮扶的积极性和主动性。

This paper tries to identify the key factors from three aspects in the process of poverty alleviation:The identification of poverty alleviation targets, the selection of poverty alleviation measures and the overall effect. Based on an survey from a poor village, the causality is identified through the evidence from a randomized trial on partner assistance. There are obvious differences in the accuracy of the identification of poverty alleviation targets, the accuracy of the poverty alleviation measures selection and the overall effect among different helpers. The choice of helpers is an essential part in the victory of poverty alleviation. The independence of the helpers’ interests and their willingness to assistance are the keys to effectively identify the poverty alleviation targets, improving the accuracy of poverty alleviation measures selection and strengthening the effect of assistance. The role of helpers’ ability has not been supported by empirical evidence. In the process of poverty alleviation, "who should be the helper" is an essential part, which should be paid full attention to. In the process of selecting helpers, in addition to strengthening social capital, human capital and political capital, it is also necessary to improve the incentive mechanism of helpers and enhance their enthusiasm and initiative. Firstly,This paper conducts a more detailed analysis of the factors that influence the effect of the helpers in the parttime assistance system and the situations in which these factors play their roles, which has a certain expanding significance for anti-poverty research. Secondly, this paper divides the causes of poverty into expenditure increasing type and income decreasing type, and divides the targets of poverty alleviation measures into increasing income type and decreasing expenditure type, then evaluates the accuracy of poverty alleviation measures selection according to the consistency of the causes of poverty and the targets of poverty alleviation measures.This method provides reference for the follow-up research. Thirdly, based on the fact that a poor village we surveyed randomly form the relationship of partner assistance, this paper tries to identify the net effects of the helpers, which is more innovative and has higher intrinsic validity compared with the previous research. Besides, the main data of this paper is not obtained through the retrospective survey of farmers, but through sorting out the original work flow records of relevant subjects. Compared with the retrospective survey data, these data have higher integrity, accuracy and credibility.