博物馆参与式公众项目开发理念与策略——基于美国克拉克艺术中心相关实践的思考

The Trends and Techniques of Developing Participatory Public Programs: Thoughts Based on the Relevant Practices of the Clark Art Institute

“参与式博物馆”的概念首先在美国诞生,并因顺应了近十年时代发展的趋势而迅速传播、影响广泛。实现参与式博物馆中的“参与”,馆方最具成效的途径便是开发参与式公众项目。美国教育界颇具声望的博物馆——克拉克艺术中心的实践表明,参与式公众项目的开发理念应为参与、享受、尊重和交流。博物馆要开发参与式公众项目应通过深度开发资源,降低观众参与门槛,馆内外力量联动,创造有利于这类项目开展的环境资源条件和专业力量条件,并在项目设计中注意以观众需求为导向,设置参与限制条件,创造共享型学习空间,提供高质量的学习成果。只有这样才能真正提高观众参与度和观众参与质量,进一步促进博物馆参与的实现,扩大博物馆影响力。

The concept of“participatory museum”first came into being in the United States,and it spread rapidly and had a wide influence because it conformed to the development trend in the past decade.The most effective way for museums to achieve participation is to develop participatory public programs.Based on the practices of the Clark Art Institute,a prestigious museum in American education,we can find out the core ideas behind the development and operation of the participatory public programs are participation,entertainment,respect and exchange.For this kind of programs,a museum should fully exploit learning resources,lower the threshold of audience participation,ensure smooth cooperation inside and outside the museum to create favorable conditions in environment,resource,professionalization.Further more,adopt appropriate ideas and strategies,like always keep the audience demands in mind,give scaffolding to audience in participation activities,create a shared learning space and produce successful outcomes,thus to truly improving the audience participation and further increasing the museum influence.