优质棉中棉所127相关杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质性状遗传变异分析

Genetic Variation Analysis of Fiber Yield and Fiber Quality Traits in Cotton Variety CCRI127 with Excellent Fiber Quality

为了进一步揭示棉花优质品种的纤维产量和品质性状之间的遗传关系,筛选纤维品质突出的优异材料,本研究以优质品种中棉所127为父本,与高产品系sGK中156为母本杂交,构建F2和F2:3分离大群体,对分离群体的纤维产量与品质进行初步评价分析。结果表明F2和F2:3世代中铃重、衣分、纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、伸长率和整齐度性状均呈正态分布,表现双向超亲分离,群体内存在丰富的遗传变异,纤维上半部平均长度的超高亲比例分别为61.38%和69.55%,断裂比强度的超高亲比例分别为42.12%和61.00%,铃重的超高亲比例分别为41.31%和28.43%。2个分离世代纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度呈现出极显著正相关,衣分与纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度这2个主要纤维品质性状呈极显著负相关,表明同步对纤维产量和品质进行改良具有一定的难度。筛选出同时在F2和F2:3中断裂比强度大于38.00 cN/tex的优异材料10个,且纤维上半部平均长度均大于31.00 mm。本研究为棉花纤维产量和品质QTL挖掘及分子聚合育种等储备了大量的基础材料。

To decipher the genetic interaction of the fiber yield with quality-related traits in high-quality cotton varieties and screen elite lines with higher fiber quality,several traits have been measured in F2 and F2:3 populations,derived from variety CCRI127 with elite fiber quality crossing with sGK line Zhong 156 with high yield.Statistical analysis showed a normal distribution in traits including boll weight,lint percentage,upper half mean fiber length,fiber strength,micronaire,elongation and fiber uniformity.The transgression separation in populations if compared to both parents suggested abundant genetic variations.The ratios over the super high parent were 61.38%and 69.55%for average length of upper part of fiber in F2 and F2:3,42.12%and 61.00%for fiber strength,and 41.31%and 28.43%for boll weight.A significant positive correlation between the average length of the upper half and fiber strength,and a significant negative correlation between lint percentage and fiber quality traits,including the average length of the upper half and fiber strength were observed,implying antagonistic on fiber yield and fiber quality.Ten individuals with fiber strength higher than 38.00 cN/tex in F2 and F2:3 generations were selected,showing more than 31.00 mm on the average length of the upper half.Collectively,this study provided elite materials for the quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping for fiber yield and fiber quality,and molecular breeding by stacking multiple elite genes.