九小岛事件期间中国政府南海维权的历史记忆与政治现实——以《李准巡海记》为中心的考察

The Historical Memory and Political Reality of the Chinese Government’s Safeguarding the Sovereignty of the South China Sea During the Nine Small Islands Incident:An Investigation into Li Zhun’s Inspection Tour over Xisha Qundao

《李准巡海记》通过清末广东水师提督李准的回忆,还原了中国政府在南海诸岛积极维权的历史进程。由于九小岛事件折射的是民族危机与海疆危机相伴而生的政治现实,作者、大众传媒和社会各界意识到这一历史文本具有非同寻常的存史价值。李准试图展现自己处置南海主权问题的成就;报人希望在制造与南海主权有关的公共议题时有据可依;政界人士期待民众能够知晓政府维护南海主权的立场;知识分子试图从历史和法理层面充实南海主权的论证;一般民众感知到了南海主权问题的存在;传记作者希望将李准维护南海主权的贡献载入史册。可见,在此动荡时局之下,《李准巡海记》承载的历史记忆无疑成了海洋国土意识建构的话语资源,并使上述社会力量在维护国家海洋权益上达成了共识。尤其当这份记忆植入到受众的心智和文化结构时,不仅使南海主权主张的影响和范围在无形中扩大,也令历史记忆因应现实的政治功能有了比较充分的展现。

Li Zhun’s Inspection Tour over Xisha Qundao,a note written by Li Zhun,the commander-in-chief of Guangdong Naval Forces in the late Qing Dynasty,restores the historical process of the Chinese government’s safeguarding the sovereignty in the South China Sea.As the Nine Small Islands Incident mirrored the political reality that mixed the national crisis and the crisis in coastal areas,the author,the mass media and all walks of life realized that this historical text had extraordinary historical value.Li Zhun tried to show his achievements in handling the sovereignty issue in the South China Sea.The media people expected to use it to create public issues related to the sovereignty of the South China Sea.Politicians expected that the people would know the government’s position in safeguarding the sovereignty of the South China Sea.Intellectuals attempted to enrich the argument of South China Sea sovereignty from the historical and legal perspective.The general public perceived the existence of the sovereignty issue in the South China Sea.The biographers wanted to record Li Zhun’s contributions to safeguarding the sovereignty of the South China Sea in history.Therefore,Li Zhun’s Inspection Tour over Xisha Qundao,under the turbulent social situation,carries the historical memory,serving as the discourse resource for constructing the consciousness of maritime territory while achieving a consensus on safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests among all those social powers.Especially when the memory is implanted into the mind and cultural structures of the people,the influence and scope of the claim for South China Sea sovereignty will be expanded unconsciously,and the political function of historical memory for the reality can be fully manifested.