海南岛海草床分布变化及恢复建议

Analysis of distribution change and restoration suggestion of the seagrass beds in Hainan Island

海南岛的海草分布在港湾及潟湖沿岸,有2科8属13~14种,长期监测到2科8属10种,分别为海菖蒲、泰来草、单脉二药草、卵叶喜盐草、圆叶丝粉草、针叶草、齿叶丝粉草、小喜盐草、羽叶二药草及贝克喜盐草。近年来,受陆源污染、海洋工程、非法渔业以及极端天气等因素影响,海南岛周边海草在种类、分布面积、密度及生物量等方面均出现下降,出现海草床由成片分布退化为斑块状分布再退化成零星分布现象。为遏制海草持续退化、维持海草床稳定以及促进海南岛的海草床保护与恢复,本研究提出海南岛的海草床保护与恢复应以保护及自然恢复为主,辅以人工修复,并开展长期跟踪监测及修复效果评估工作。

There were 2 families,8 genera,13 or 14 species of seagrass in Hainan Island,mainly distributed in the coast of the bay and lagoon,and 2 families,8 genera,10 species,which was monitored for a long time,as Enhalus acoroides,Thalassia hemprichii,Halodule uninervis,Halophila ovalis,Cymodocea rotunda,Syringodium isoetifolium,Cymodocea serrulata,Halophila minor,Halodule pinifolia and Halophila beccarii.In recent years,due to land pollution,marine engineering,illegal fishing and extreme weather and other natural factors,the species composition,distribution area,density and biomass of seagrass have declined in Hainan Island.There was a decline trend in species composition,and seagrass beds degenerated to patches and then to sporadic distribution.In order to curb the continuous degradation of seagrass,maintain the stability of seagrass beds and promote the protection and restoration of seagrass beds in Hainan,this study suggests that the protection and restoration of seagrass beds in Hainan Island should be based on natural restoration,supplemented by artificial restoration,and long-term monitoring and assessment of restoration effect should be conducted.