《民法典》第153条第1款释论

Interpretation of Paragraph 1,Article 153 of Civil Code

在违反强制性规定的法律行为效力问题上,我国司法实务及理论仍缺乏较为体系化的认识。《民法典》第153条第1款在规范结构上属于不完全规范,不得作为独立的请求权基础加以适用,其构成要件是其他具体的强制性规定。在具体强制性规定的认定上,应当依照法律规范的目的进行考察,而不应该机械地依照法律的表现形式。同时,在具体法律行为违反强制性规定的效果认定上应当结合规范目的,在强制规范所保护的法益和意思自治之间进行法益的权衡,就具体结果而言,也不应局限于无效或有效的简单选择,应当多元化。

Regarding the effectiveness of legal acts that violate mandatory regulations,the judicial practice and theory in China still lack a systematic understanding.Paragraph 1 of Article 153 of Civil Code is incompletely standardized in terms of normative structure,and shall not be applied as an independent basis for claiming rights.Its constituent elements are other specific mandatory provisions.In the determination of specific mandatory provisions,investigations should be conducted in accordance with the purpose of legal norms,rather than mechanically in accordance with the manifestation of the law.Meanwhile,the determination of the effect of specific legal acts in violation of mandatory provisions should be combined with the purpose of the norm,and the legal interests protected by the mandatory norms should be weighed against the autonomy of will.In terms of specific results.It should not be limited to simple choices that are ineffective or effective;instead it should be diversified.