综合性积分落户政策的特征、限度及完善——北京市积分落户政策研究

The Characteristics,Limits and Improvement of the Comprehensive Point-Based Household Registration:A Study on the Policy of Point-Based Household Registration in Beijing

北京市积分落户政策目标多元化,积分指标体系较具综合性,强调合法稳定就业及居住积分的基础而非主导作用,重视不同类别积分指标的赋分平衡,具有从指标冗繁、不以就业及居住积分为主的旧积分落户向指标简约、以就业及居住积分为主的新积分落户过渡之特征;虽较具正面价值,但本质上是以一套积分落户体系适用多类流动人口,在流动人口落户权与城市人口调控之间、推动流动人口平等落户与促进城市经济发展之间、积分指标体系强调导向功能与引导力不足之间、积分指标的简约性与合理性之间矛盾凸显。应建设都市卫星城,扩大落户规模,完善人口调控及职住平衡,针对不同流动人口采用不同落户办法。

The policy of point-based household registration in Beijing has diversified objectives,and the grading system is quite comprehensive.It emphasizes the foundational rather than the leading role of legal and stable employment and homes points,and attaches importance to the score balance of different grading categories.Meanwhile,it has the characteristic of transition from the old grading system with redundant categories and not mainly based on stable employment and homes points to the new system that has simple categories and mainly based on stable employment and homes points.Apart from the positive value,it’s a set of comprehensive system that is applicable to many types of non-natives essentially.There are some prominent contradictions between the non-natives’rights to obtain the city’s residence status and the duties of government to control the total population,between the promoting of non-natives’equal rights to obtain the city’s residence status and putting the economic development first constantly,between the guiding pursuit of the points-based application system and its insufficient guiding power,and between the simplicity and rationality of the grading system.The government should develop satellite cities,increase newly approved household registrations,improve population control measures and the balance of jobs and housing,and take multiple actions for different migrant population.