土壤解磷菌在现代农业中应用现状的研究

Research on Application Status of Soil Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Modern Agriculture

在农业生产过程中,磷是限制作物生长的第二大营养要素,在磷元素供给不足的情况下,作物将减产5%~15%。磷参与植物的许多生长和代谢过程,包括光合作用、呼吸作用、细胞分裂等生理过程。土壤中的磷主要是以螯合态的形式存在,不能被植物吸收。同时,过量使用磷肥导致土壤板结、水体富营养化等影响生态环境。解磷微生物能将土壤中不溶性磷或难溶性磷转化成容易被植物吸收利用的可溶性磷,可以提高植物对磷的利用效率,增强抗病性,改善盐碱地,增加农作物的实际产量,使得土壤生态肥力得到更加充分的发挥,在农业生态环境平衡的保护方面具有重要作用。通过文献研究,找出土壤解磷菌在现代农业中应用的最佳方式,为今后的研究提供理论支持,从而使我国农业向着可持续发展阶段迈进。

In the agricultural production process,phosphorus is the second largest nutrient element that restricts the growth of crops.In the case of insufficient supply of phosphorus,crops will be reduced by 5%~15%.Phosphorus is involved in many plant growth and metabolic processes,including photosynthesis,respiration,cell division and other physiological processes.The phosphorus in the soil is mainly present in the chelated state and cannot be absorbed by plants.At the same time,the excessive use of phosphate fertilizer leads to soil compaction and eutrophication of water,which affects the ecological environment.Phosphorus-decomposing microorganisms can convert insoluble phosphorus or insoluble phosphorus in soil to soluble phosphorus that is easily absorbed and utilized by plants.It can improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus by plants,enhance disease resistance,improve saline-alkali land,increase the actual yield of crops,and make the soil ecological fertility is more fully exerted and plays an important role in protecting the balance of the agricultural ecological environment.Through literature research,this paper found the best way to apply soil Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in modern agriculture,and provided theoretical support for future research,so as to make China's agriculture move towards a sustainable development stage.