史笔与诗情:阐解“江阴八十一日”的材料与视角

Historical Narrative Technique and Poetic Emotion:Explanations and Perspectives of the Materials on"Eighty-one Days in Jiangyin"

明清易代之际,清廷对那些坚守在江南地区府县城池之中并抱持激烈反抗态度的士人,在利诱之外,亦以屠城恫吓,其中"江阴八十一日"尤为悲壮可叹。《(光绪)江阴县志》卷十六《崇祀忠节传》以如铁史笔实录了在地士人群体的急遽凋零,人物合传、以韵文入史传等手法的运用,更传神地彰显了士人的殉难心志。汇辑历代江阴籍诗人的《江上诗钞》,既有极具现场感的题壁诗,直观展现士人身逢绝境的心态与行为;又有郁积悲情平复后的追述,省思关涉屠城惨案的种种。对同一历史事件的呈现,方志与诗歌选择了不同的切入点,具体包括材料性质、取用视角、表达方式三个方面。清军屠城使得大量的士人罹难,导致了区域性"诗歌荒漠化"现象的发生。

During the Ming-Qing transition(1628-1661), the Qing government implemented many acts of slaughtering scholars in Jiangnan area who persisted in fierce resistance, and "Eighty-one days in Jiangyin" was especially a tragic. The sixteenth volume about "adoring loyalty’s biographies" of Jiangyin County Records in Guangxu recorded rapid decline of Jiangyin area’s scholars by historical narrative technique, and vividly demonstrated scholars’ s ambition of martyrdom by combined biographies and bringing verses into historical biography. Poetic Collection of Jiangshang about Jiangyin poets’ compilation, not only had wall-inscribed poems that revealed sense of scene, visually showed mentalities and behaviors of scholars in despair, but also recounted and introspected massacre after sorrow had calmed down. Jiangyin County Records in Guangxu and Poetic Collection of Jiangshang chose different modes to present same historical event, including three aspects: material properties, selective perspectives and means of expression. Focusing on Qing government army’s massacre, a large number of victims led to the phenomenon of regional desertification of poetry.