中国传统哲学中的具身化思想及其教育意蕴

Embodiment Thought in Chinese Traditional Philosophy and Its Educational Enlightenment

具身哲学是当代西方对其理性主义和二元论哲学传统的修正,它反对身与心、主与客、理性与感性、知识与经验等的二元分立,强调身体、心智与周遭世界的相互作用。而这些思想在中国古代哲学传统中有着丰富的体现,从万物一元的宇宙生成观、天人合一的本体论,到身心合一和知行合一的认识论与实践论,再到情理互融的生存或生活哲学,都体现着西方哲学所谓的实践转向和生活转向,关注人的生命、身体与生活体验,强调身体、心智、情感等整全的身体与周遭的人事物的交互。作为具身哲学直接关照的领域,教育成为其思想力量发挥作用的主要空间。挖掘具身哲学的中国传统,能够使其更好地融入本土的教育生活实践,解决当下教育中的种种二元分离问题,并通过融合身体与心智的五育、体现"情感"的教育过程与结果、基于行动的学习以及课程经验的开放性和连续性等方面给教育改进以启示。

Embodied philosophy is a revision of the traditional rationalism in the West.It opposes the dualistic separation of body and mind,subject and object,reason and experience,reason and emotion,and emphasizes the interaction between body,mind and the world.These thoughts are abundantly embodied in ancient Chinese traditional philosophy,such as universal generation view of monism of all things,ontology of that human is an integral part of nature,epistemology and practice of the integration of mind and body,knowledge and action,and the philosophy of existence that integrates emotion and reason.These all reflect the turn of western philosophy in practice and life,paying attention to human life,body and life experience,emphasizing that interaction between the whole body,such as physicality,mind and emotion,and the people and things around them.Exploring the Chinese tradition of embodied philosophy can better integrate it into our educational life,and give enlightenment to educational practice in aspects such as whole body and mind participation,students'emotional experience,action learning and the opening of curriculum experience.