屏边空竹四季出笋动态及其与气象因子相关性分析

Seasonal Variations of Bamboo Shooting and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors on Cephalostachyum pingbianense

以云南大围山自然保护区内的屏边空竹为研究对象,观测定点竹丛的周年出笋、退笋情况,将出笋量与其生境主要气象因子(气温、降雨量,土壤温度、土壤湿度)数据分别进行逐行错位分析,探讨气象因子对出笋量影响的滞后效应。结果表明:1)屏边空竹笋期为7月下旬至翌年6月下旬,出笋盛期为8-11月;2)出笋量与出笋前60 d内的气温、土壤温度、降雨量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与出笋前30~60 d内的土壤湿度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);3)不同气象因子对各季节出笋的影响滞后期为15~60 d不等。夏季出笋量与降雨量、土壤湿度的相关性较高,秋、冬季节出笋量与气温、土壤温度的相关性较高。由此可知,屏边空竹具有四季出笋的特性,且出笋量与气象因子密切相关。夏季出笋主要受降雨和土壤湿度的影响,而秋、冬季节出笋主要受气温和土壤温度的影响。

The bamboo species of Cephalostachyum pingbianense occurring in Daweishan National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object.The data of annual emerging shoot number,degraded shoot number were collected from marked bamboo clusters.The cross-correlation analysis was conducted to estimate the time lag between emerging shoot number and climate factors,such ass air temperature,rainfall,soil temperature and soil humidity.The results showed that 1)the shooting duration of C.pingbianense was from late July to June of the next year,and the prosperous stage of bamboo shooting was from August to November.2)The emerging bamboo shoot number was positively correlated with air temperature,soil temperature and rainfall within 60 days before bamboo shooting(P<0.05),and showed a significantly positive correlation with soil humidity within 30 to 60 days before bamboo shooting(P<0.01).3)The lag time of different meteorological factor effect on the amount of bamboo shoots in each season ranged from 15 to 60 days,and the emerging shoot number had a stronger correlation with rainfall and soil humidity than those with air temperature and soil temperature in summer,while it was opposite in autumn and winter.It could thus be seen that C.pingbianense had the characteristics of producing bamboo shoots all the year round and the amount of bamboo shoots was closely related to meteorological factors.Shoot emergence in summer were mainly affected by the hysteresis effect of rainfall and soil moisture,while it was more obviously affected by the hysteresis effect of air temperature and soil temperature in autumn and winter.