不同种源2年生山桐子生长规律差异性分析

Comparison on the Growth Performance of 2-Year-Old Idesia polycarpa Seedlings from Different Provenances

为探究不同种源山桐子生长发育规律差异,取湖南、四川、河南、贵州、江西、江苏6个种源的2年生山桐子苗木作为试验材料,观测不同种源在相同生境下的生长量、分枝数、展叶数等生长指标。结果表明:1)不同种源2年生山桐子苗木顶芽萌发时间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各种源2年生山桐子主干顶芽抽枝、侧枝顶芽抽枝、二次分枝的伸长生长和粗生长都呈现“慢-快-慢”的生长趋势。3)6个种源2年生山桐子苗木的生长量、展叶量、二次分枝数存在显著差异(P<0.05)。主干顶芽抽枝中,贵州种源生长量、展叶量最多,生长量最少的是江苏种源,展叶最少的是河南种源;侧枝顶芽抽枝中,贵州种源生长量最多,河南种源的展叶量最多,四川种源生长量、展叶量最少;在二次分枝方面,贵州种源的生长量最多,其次是河南、四川、湖南,生长量最少的是江西种源;四川、江西、湖南种源的二次分枝数量明显高于河南、贵州和江苏种源;不同种源的二次分枝以上主干生长量表现为:贵州种源最多,其次是湖南种源,四川、江苏、江西种源较少,河南种源最少;4)在贵州、江西、江苏3个种源的主干顶芽抽枝伸长过程,四川种源的侧枝顶芽抽枝伸长过程,江西种源的二次分枝粗生长过程中都出现二次生长现象。不同种源山桐子之间具有一定的遗传差异性,在郑州地区以贵州种源的苗木生长可能有较好的适应性。

To explore the differences in growth and development of the seedlings from different provenances,2-year-old plants of Idesia polycarpa from Hunan,Sichuan,Henan,Guizhou,Jiangxi,and Jiangsu were used as experimental materials to observe the growth indexes in the same habitat,such as the amount of growth,the number of branches and leaf expansion,and other parameters.The results indicated that 1)there was no significant difference in the sprouting time of terminal buds among the seedlings from different provenances(P>0.05).2)The elongation and coarse growth trend of the trunk terminal bud branch,the lateral branch terminal bud,and the secondary branch from different provenances showed the pattern of“slow-fast-slow”.3)There were significant differences in the growth,leaf expansion,and secondary branch number among the seedlings from 6 provenances(P<0.05).In the trunk terminal bud shoot,Guizhou provenance had the highest growth and leaf expansion rate,Jiangsu provenance had the lowest growth and Henan provenance had the fewest leaf expansion rate.Among the lateral branch terminal buds,Guizhou provenance had the highest growth,Henan provenance had the highest leaf expansion rate,and Sichuan provenance had the lowest and fewest growth and leaf expansion rate.In terms of secondary branches,Guizhou provenance had the highest growth,followed by Henan,Sichuan,and Hunan,and Jiangxi provenance had the lowest growth.The number of secondary branches of Sichuan,Jiangxi and Hunan provenances were significantly higher than those of Henan,Guizhou and Jiangsu provenances.The main stem growth above the secondary branch from different provenances was as follows:Guizhou provenance was the highest,followed by Hunan,Sichuan,Jiangsu,Jiangxi provenance,and Henan provenance was the lowest.4)Secondary growths was observed in the process of shoot elongation of trunk terminal buds of Guizhou,Jiangxi and Jiangsu provenances,in the shoot elongation of lateral branch terminal buds of Sichuan provenance and in the coarse growth of secondary branches of Jiangxi provenance.Genetic differences were foundamong different provenances,and the seedling from Guizhou provenance may have a better adaptability in the Zhengzhou area.