基于效度证据的英语测验研发

Evidence-Based Validity and Its Application in English Test Development

测评效度是衡量一个测评项目质量高低的重要指标。但我国很少有测评项目报告测评效度,其可能的原因或者是缺乏效度意识,或者是对效度概念和效度验证流程存在一些误解。因此,很有必要梳理测评效度的定义和效度验证的基本步骤。重点讨论以证据为中心的测验设计方法,并以某次英语原著阅读测试的研发为例,具体展示基于效度证据的测验研发流程和要求,对于确保测评效度具有参考意义。

Validity is an essential quality index for any testing program.Validation studies,however,are seldom reported in testing programs in China,perhaps overlooked or due to misunderstanding of the concepts and procedures of validation.The concepts of validity and the procedures of validation are briefly reviewed in this paper.Specifically,the evidence-centered design(ECD)approach is discussed in great detail.Some guidelines for the ECD approach to test development are provided to help assess whether the construct and usage of score reports are valid.A few items from an English reading comprehension test are shown as examples.