基于深度学习的作物基因组学和遗传改良

Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement Based on Deep Learning

随着世界人口的不断增长、食物需求量的不断增加,以及气候的不断变化,如何提高农作物产量已成为人类面临的一个巨大挑战。传统设计育种耗时长、效率低,已经不能满足新时代的育种需求。随着基因型和表型数据成本的不断降低,以及各种组学数据的爆炸式增长,人工智能技术作为能够在大数据中高效率挖掘信息的工具,在生物学领域受到了广泛关注。人工智能指导的设计育种将大大加快育种的效率,给育种带来革命性的变化。介绍了人工智能特别是深度学习在作物基因组学和遗传改良中的应用,并进行了总结与展望,以期为智能设计育种提供新的思路。

With an ever-increasing world population and demand for food,ensuring food security has becoming more and more challenging,especially when we are facing severe climate change.However,traditional design breeding is time-consuming and low-efficient,which can’t meet the needs of this era.With the development of sequencing technology,the cost of genotyping and phenotyping continues to decrease,resulting in the explosive growth of omics data.Artificial intelligence,as a tool that can efficiently mine information in big data,has attracted wide attention in the field of biology.Artificial intelligence directed breeding design will greatly accelerate the efficiency of design breeding and bring revolutionary changes.This review introduced the application of artificial intelligence,especially deep learning,in genomics and crop genetic improvement,summarized the application progress,and put forward the prospect of how artificial intelligence design breeding,which was expected to provide new thought for artificial intelligence designed breeding.