中国硒资源利用中若干关键科学问题的探讨

Some Key Scientific Questions in Utilization of Selenium Resources in China

中国是典型缺硒大国,一条马鞍形土壤缺硒带呈东北-西南走向分布,占主要农耕区土壤面积的33.34%,但同时也存在点状分布的富硒-高硒地区,占主要农耕区土壤面积的8.69%,成为湖北恩施、陕西安康、安徽石台、广西巴马、江西宜春等地方农业转型升级的新抓手,得到大力开发利用。伴随着硒资源的开发利用,一些科学问题被广泛提出,如:硒摄入有何健康效果?天然富硒区人群是否有实证研究数据?硒-镉共生导致天然富硒农产品富硒的同时是否存在镉含量超标问题?硒资源中的硒形态组成有何重要意义?硒超积累植物-壶瓶碎米荠的超积累硒的机制是什么?这些关键科学问题亟待解答。基于对天然硒资源近10年的研究成果,对以上科学问题进行了一些有益探讨,以期为未来高效安全科学地利用硒资源提供一些研究思路。

China is a typical selenium(Se)deficient country with a saddle Se-deficiency soil belt across Northeast to Southwest,accounting for 33.34%in the main agricultural areas.However,there are also spot-like Se-rich/high areas,accounting for 8.69%in the main agricultural areas,which are widely explored to produce Se-rich agriculture products,such as Enshi/Hubei,Ankang/Shaanxi,Shitai/Anhui,Bama/Guangxi,and Yichun/Jiangxi.Along with the utilization of Se resources,some scientific questions have been widely raised,such as:does Se intake have health effects?Is there any evidence from the population in natural Se-rich areas?How is the toxicity of Cd in Se-rich products?Why should we pay attention to Se speciation rather than total Se contents?What is the mechanism of Se hyperaccumulation in Cardamine hupingshanensis?Based on our researches on natural Se resources in recent ten years,the present review provided some perspectives on the above scientific questions and was expected to spot some lights on the efficient and safe utilization of Se resources in the future in China.