藜麦农艺性状及矿物质元素遗传特性分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Main Agronomic Characters and Contents of Mineral Elements in Quinoa

【目的】揭示藜麦农艺性状及其籽粒矿物质元素含量并评价藜麦种质资源品质状况。【方法】以筛选出的89个藜麦高代品系为材料进行农艺性状测定及其籽粒矿物质元素含量检测。【结果】农艺性状及其籽粒矿物质元素含量平均变异系数为27.01%,其中镁的变异系数最小为10.61%,相对变幅较小;千粒重、单株产量及铁、锌、钙含量的变异系数均高于14%,钙的遗传变异最大,变异系数高达64.11%,铁的变异系数为43.40%仅次于钙;相关分析表明株高与千粒重、单株产量之间相关性较强,千粒重与单株产量之间存在显著正相关关系;主成分分析显示5个主成分代表了89个藜麦品系农艺性状及其籽粒矿物质元素遗传信息的83.34%;聚类分析将89个藜麦品系分为5类,说明其遗传特性与材料分离后代来源和籽粒颜色相关性不大。【结论】经分析筛选出4个具有较高综合利用价值的高代品系:滇藜-3、滇藜-4、滇藜-21、滇藜-25。研究结果可为加快藜麦育种进程以及中国藜麦产业化发展提供理论依据。

【Objective】This study aims to reveal the agronomic characteristics and mineral elements contents in grain and evaluate the quality of quinoa germplasm resources.【Method】Total of 89 high-generation lines of quinoa were chosen as the materials to determine the agronomic characters and mineral element contents.【Result】The average coefficient of variation of agronomic traits and grain mineral element content was 27.01%,and the coefficient of variation of magnesium was the smallest(10.61%);The coefficient of variation of 1000 grain weight,yield per plant and contents of iron,zinc and calcium were all higher than 14%.The genetic variation of calcium was the largest,with the coefficient of variation as high as 64.11%.The coefficient of variation of iron was 43.40%,second only to calcium;Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between plant height and 1000 grain weight,yield per plant,and a significant positive correlation between 1000 grain weight and yield per plant;Principal component analysis showed that the five principal components represented 83.34% of the genetic information of agronomic traits and grain mineral elements of 89 quinoa lines;Cluster analysis showed that 89 quinoa lines were divided into 5 groups,indicating that there was no significant correlation between their genetic characteristics and the source of progeny and grain color.【Conclusion】From the analysis,four high generation lines with high comprehensive utilization value were selected:dianli-3,di-anli-4,dianli-21 and dianli-25.The results could provide a theoretical basis for accelerating the process of quinoa breeding and the moderni-zation of quinoa agriculture in China.