类胡萝卜素肠道吸收及生物利用度研究进展

Research Progress on Intestinal Absorption and Bioavailability of Carotenoids

类胡萝卜素是一种广泛存在于果蔬中的脂溶性色素,在预防疾病和保护人体健康方面发挥重要功能,但是人体无法合成类胡萝卜素,只能从食物中摄取,且由于类胡萝卜素的溶解性差、不稳定等原因,其生物利用度通常非常低。本文简述类胡萝卜素的消化过程,以SR-B1、CD36、NPC1L1等肠道转运蛋白为重点,介绍类胡萝卜素在小肠上皮细胞的吸收,并从类胡萝卜素的亲脂性与化学存在形式、食物基质、胃肠道消化、宿主因素及肠道转运蛋白的表达或活性等方面出发,综述影响类胡萝卜素生物利用度的因素。

Carotenoids are a group of fat-soluble pigments widely distributed in fruits and vegetables,which play an important role in protecting public health.Humans cannot synthesize carotenoids and must ingest them in food.Due to the poor solubility and instability of carotenoids,their bioavailability is usually very low.In this paper,the digestion process of carotenoids is briefly introduced and focuses on intestinal transporters such as SR-B1,CD36,NPC1L1,the absorption of carotenoids in small intestinal epithelial cells is described.The bioavailability of carotenoids is reviewed from the aspects of lipophilicity and chemical forms of carotenoids,food matrix,gastrointestinal digestive factors,host factors and the expression or activity of intestinal transporters.