培养组学在人体肠道微生物研究中的应用

Application of Culturomics in Human Intestinal Microbiota

肠道微生物是人体重要的“器官”,与免疫、营养、代谢等诸多生理功能紧密相关。利用宏基因组测序技术已经阐明肠道微生物与人类健康之间的复杂关系,然而仍无法获得细菌分离株,不能明确特定细菌在肠道中发挥作用的内在机制,进而不利于肠道“暗物质”的进一步发现。采用由多种培养方法与细菌的快速鉴定技术相结合的培养组学方法,培养出数百种与人类相关的新细菌,为深入研究细菌表型及基因功能提供了菌体样本,也为筛选肠道中的新型益生菌提供了数据支持。本文综述近几年培养组学的发展状况及其应用于人体肠道微生物区系研究的优势。

The intestinal microbiota,acting as an important‘Organ’in the human body,is related to a diverse variety of physiological functions including immunity,nutrition and metabolism.Culture-independent metagenomic approaches clarify the complex relationship between intestinal microbiota and human health,but it fails to obtain bacterial isolates,the internal mechanism of specific bacteria playing a role in the intestine cannot be identified,and is not conducive to the further discovery of intestinal‘dark matter’.Consisting of multiple culture conditions combined with the rapid identification of bacteria,the culturomic approach has enabled the culture of hundreds of new microorganisms that are associated with humans,providing a pure culture of microorganisms for in-depth study of bacterial phenotypes and gene functions,as well as screening new probiotics of intestine provide data support.This review summarized the development of culturomics in recent years and its advantages to the study of human intestinal microbiota.