深部坚硬矿体高频破碎锤非爆机械化开采试验

Non-explosive Mechanized Mining of Deep Hard Ore by Using High-frequency Crushing Hammer

随着深部硬岩矿山开采深度不断增加,钻爆法逐渐无法满足矿山开采要求。国内外提出了机械切割的破岩方式应对深部开采所带来的挑战,并在煤矿开采和隧道开挖等领域得到广泛应用。为探究非爆机械化开采在深部硬岩矿山中的应用,通过挖掘机载高频破碎锤开挖深部坚硬矿体进行机械开采试验。试验期间,通过数字钻孔电视监测试验区域松动区范围,并记录每日开采时间、破碎锤和挖掘机状态、矿柱形貌、采矿量、剥落矿石块度、粉尘情况、顶板情况以及破碎锤尖部抖齿磨损情况,通过上述参数分析机械开采在深部硬岩矿山中的应用效果。试验结果表明:试验矿柱的松动区平均厚度达2.59 m,在该范围内开挖矿柱效率较高;试验中,整体切割工效可以达到50.6 t/h,切槽后开挖矿柱的切割工效可以达到158.2 t/h,证明了非爆机械化开采在深部硬岩矿山中应用的可行性;此外,机械开采还具有工时利用率高、剥落矿石块度小、粉尘少、开挖扰动小等优点。

With the increasing depth of deep hard rock mining,the drilling and blasting method has gradually failed to meet the requirements of deep hard rock mining.Mechanical excavation was proposed and developed to deal with the challenges brought by deep mining,and has been widely used in the fields of coal mining and tunnel excavation.In order to explore the application of non-explosive mechanized mining in deep hard rock mining,a mechanical mining test was carried out by excavating the pillar with airborne high-frequency crushing hammer in deep hard ore-rock.During the test,the scope of the excavation damage zone of the test pillar was monitored by digital borehole television.The application of non-explosive mechanized mining in deep hard rock mines was explored in terms of daily mining time,crushing hammer and excavator status,pillar morphology,mining amount,spalling ore lumpiness,dust condition,roof condition and shaking tooth wear condition of crushing hammer tip.The test results showed that the average thickness of the excavation damage zone of the test pillar reached 2.59 m,and the mining efficiency was high within this range.In the test,the overall cutting efficiency could reach 50.6 t/h,and the cutting efficiency of the excavated pillar could reach 158.2 t/h,which proves the feasibility of the application of mechanical mining in deep hard rock mines.In addition,mechanical mining also has the advantages of high utilization rate of working hours,small spalling ore lumpiness,less dust,and less excavation disturbance.