乡村振兴法治化的基本内涵及路径选择

The Legal Governance of Rural Rejuvenation:Basic Contents and Approaches

《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》(草案)即将颁布实施,使得改革开放后的中国乡村再次迎来大发展的新契机。在中国特色社会主义新时代,实施乡村振兴战略、实现乡村振兴法治化,是对过去乡村发展布局和乡村发展思路的反思与超越,是在对乡村历史和现实的问题进行系统梳理与深刻剖析之后得出的科学认知。乡村振兴的过程实质上是一种历史性复振,民族要复兴,乡村必振兴。村民主体地位是乡村振兴的立足点,村民自治是维系乡村秩序的稳定器,大国工匠型人才是乡村振兴的支柱,治理有效是乡村振兴的根本保障。乡村治理和乡村振兴面临的新问题主要有三个:一是村民委员会的职能与基层政府的职能发生混淆,二是乡政村治的治理结构呈现行政性超强的发展态势,三是影响乡村振兴效果的制度安排和体制机制。需要构建新型党组织、乡政府与村委会关系体系,构建三治融合的乡村治理体系,构建理性的乡村协商治理体系。推进乡村振兴战略有效实施的路径为:健全村民自治的农民主体地位,创新新乡贤群体乡村治理体系,筑牢社会保障民生安全网体系,清单制度助推乡村治理法治化,铸造新型文明乡风辅助乡村振兴。

With the issuance of“Act of Promoting Rural Rejuvenation”,the rural areas of China are embracing another round of development opportunities since the implementation of the Reform and Open-up Policy.In Xi Jinping New Era Socialism with Chinese Characteristics the strategy of rural rejuvenation and its legal governance are an improvement over the past rural development arrangement and paths,which mirrors a scientific understanding of reality and problems upon systemic reflections and profound analysis.In this new wave of development the villagers’subjective status is the fundamental ground from which self-decision proceeds,requiring master-style talents.It is argued that there might be three new problems arising in due process:the confusion of Villagers’Committee and the Local Government’s functions,the increasing administration of village governance,and the emergence of institutional arrangement and mechanism hampering the effects of rural rejuvenation.Therefore,we strongly advise that the Communist Party of China’s organizations,township government and Villagers’Committee should be well handled in terms of relationship so as to form a harmonious rural governance system and develop a rational rural negotiation-based governance system.The fundamental approaches should ensure the subjective status of villagers,the innovation of rural talents’governance system,the strengthening of social security networks for villagers,the legal governance promotion of rural areas based on the list system,and the formation of new civilized atmosphere for rural rejuvenation.