无人驾驶汽车运行中隐私权保护困境与进路

On the Dilemma and Approach of Privacy Protection in Driverless Car Operation

无人驾驶技术在给人们生活创造价值的同时,亦附带隐私数据安全风险。依托数据+算法为支撑的无人驾驶汽车,在运行过程中的隐私权侵权形态主要表现为侵害个人隐私、侵害信息性隐私权和侵害自治性隐私权。因智能技术对隐私的强控制力致现行法中所确立的知情同意原则失灵,个人隐私控制理论功能衰微,算法自动化决策使得隐私信息被规模化处理,隐私权受侵害后司法救济日显乏力。面对无人驾驶技术引发的隐私权保护困境,结合我国实际,需多策予以应对:既强化隐私权的立法保护,优化现行法规体系,重视“算法权力”的法律规制,又注重技术保障,从设计阶段导入隐私保护的理念;既充分发挥企业的自我规制功能,更要加强公共机构的监管,以合力共促无人驾驶汽车产业发展和隐私安全保护间的平衡。

Driverless technology creates value for people’s lives while accompanying privacy data security risks.For driverless cars supported by the data and algorithm,the form of privacy infringement in the operation process is mainly manifested in the infringement of personal privacy,information privacy and the infringement of autonomous privacy.Due to the strong control of privacy by intelligent technology,the principle of informed consent established in the current law has failed,the function of personal privacy control theory is being declined,the automatic algorithm decision-making makes the privacy information being processed on a large scale,and the judicial relief for the privacy infringement has been weakened.Facing the privacy protection dilemma caused by the driverless technology,according to China’s actual situation,we need to deal with it in a multi-pronged way:it is necessary to strengthen legislative protection privacy rights,improve the current legal system,optimize the legal regulation of“algorithm power”,pay attention to corresponding technical guarantees,introduce the concept of privacy protection from the design stage,give full play to the self-regulation funtction of the enterprise,and strengthen the supervision of public institutions to jointly maintain the balance of driverless automobile industry development and privacy security protection.