民族与贫困地区教师推普重点:克服地方语言的负迁移干扰——以宁夏西吉县一线教师普通话培训个案为例

Overcoming Negative Transfer Interference of Local Languages,the Key Points of Promoting Mandarin in Ethnic and Poverty-stricken Areas:a Case Study of Mandarin Training for Frontline Teachers in Xiji County,Ningxia Province

民族地区、贫困地区的教师推普工作应以克服地方语言的负迁移干扰为重点。然而,一些民族地区的教师,如宁夏回族自治区西吉县教师学习普通话受方言母语干扰,韵母发音问题突出,给推普工作造成阻碍。本文就此对宁夏回族自治区西吉县教师的语音面貌进行了抽样调查,结果显示其间存在单向性错读和双向性混读现象。通过比较研究,对其背后的母语负迁移事实予以分析,特别指出韵母i[i]的“舌尖化”现象极为明显。为此,本文从语言学、心理学角度提出相应的解决方案:发音、记音练习,创造良好的语言习得环境,强化问题导向机制,克服西吉话母语的前摄干扰。

The promotion of mandarin in ethnic areas and poverty-stricken areas should focus on overcoming the negative transfer interference of local languages.However,teachers in some ethnic areas,such as teachers from Xiji County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are disturbed by dialect mother tongue,with prominent problem of vowel pronunciation,which hinders the promotion of Mandarin.A sample survey was conducted on the phonetic features of teachers in Xiji County.The results showed that there were unidirectional misreading and bidirectional mixed reading.Through the comparative study,the negative transfer of mother tongue behind it is analyzed,the“tongue tip”phenomenon of vowel“i[i]”which is prominent is specially pointed out.Thus,the corresponding solutions are given from the perspective of linguistics and psychology as follows:pronunciation and phonological memory practice,creating a good language acquisition environment,strengthening the problem-oriented mechanism and overcoming the proactive interference of the native language of Xiji County.