宋翔凤《论语说义》的特色与公羊学解经的新发展

The Characteristics of LunYuShuoYi Written by Song Xiangfeng and New Development of the Method for Expounding the Classics by ChunQiuGongYangZhuan

清代常州今文学家宋翔凤先著有《论语纂言》,后又"别录私说"为《论语说义》,从传统考据学转出,发挥孔子微言大义并形成系统的士大夫之学;以《春秋公羊传》贯通《论语》而阐发"性与天道"之说,又以《周易》《老子》会通《论语》并推论孔、老同源于《归藏》之《易》。宋翔凤之群经互证与焦循等人将《论语》《孟子》与《周易》互证有所类似,但独特的《论语》与《老子》互证则走得更远,故《论语说义》虽有穿凿附会之嫌却也体现了《论语》文本的开放性以及公羊学解经的新发展。

Song Xiangfeng,one of the scholars who studied the new text confucianism from Changzhou in the Qing Dynasty,first wrote LunYuZuanYan,and then wrote LunYuShouYi.He gave up the traditional textual research method,gave full play to Confucius'sublime words with deep meanings,and formed a system of scholar-official cultivation theory.Combining LunYu with ChunQiuGongYangZhuan,he expounded the theory of human nature and truth.Combining ZhouYi,LaoZi with the Analects of Confucius,he concluded that the thoughts of Confucius and Laozi originated from the GuiCang.Song Xiangfeng's method of mutual proofs for various classics is similar to Jiao Xun's mutual proofs for LunYu,MengZi and ZhouYi.However,the unique mutual proofs of LunYu and LaoZi are more novel.Although they have the far-fetched shortcomings,they reflect the openness of the text of LunYu and the new development of the method for expounding the classics by ChunQiuGongYangZhuan.