威廉斯的马克思主义文化分析理论

Williams’Marxist Culture-analytical Theory

威廉斯因提出系统的马克思主义文化分析理论而著名。他坚持用历史唯物论来诠释文化的内涵,将"文化"定义为"一种对共同生活状况的反应",认为这种"反应"包括哲学、艺术等诸多形式,并且将"文化"分为理想的文化、文献的文化和社会的文化三种基本类型,认为文化分析的框架是由文化本身的模式决定的。他的文化分析理论聚焦于个人与社会的关系问题,认为文化的最重要功能是整合和协调个人(观念)与社会(观念)的关系。在对20世纪60年代的英国文化状况展开批判性考察的基础上,威廉斯提出了推进文化革命的设想,其目标是以由国家控制又具有足够开放性的社会主义文化替代僵化、腐朽的资本主义文化。威廉斯的马克思主义分析理论能够为当代人类化解正在失去文化的危机提供启示。

Williams is famous for his systematic Marxist theory of cultural analysis.He insists on using historical materialism to interpret the connotation of culture,defines culture as a reaction to the state of common life,thinks that this reaction includes many forms,such as philosophy and art,and divides culture into three basic types:ideal culture,literature culture and social culture.His theory of cultural analysis focuses on the relationship between individuals and society,and holds that the most important function of culture is to integrate and coordinate the relationship between individuals(ideas)and society(ideas).On the basis of a critical examination of the British cultural situation in the 1960s,Williams put forward the idea of promoting the cultural revolution,whose goal is to replace the rigid and decadent capitalist culture with a socialist culture controlled by the state and sufficiently open.Williams'Marxist culture-analytical theory can provide enlightenment for contemporary human beings to resolve the crisis that is losing culture.