我国政策性农业保险高质量发展的水平评估与实现路径

The Level Evaluation and Realization Path of the High Quality Development of China’s Policy-based Agricultural Insurance

自2007年中央财政直接支持农业保险发展以来,政策性农业保险已逐步从单一的粮食安全保障过渡到支持农业现代化转型的高质量发展阶段。而政策性农业保险高质量发展必须实现四方共赢,即财政补贴实现间接支持高效、产业保障从保粮食安全到支持现代农业、农民受益方面从成本补偿到稳收增收、机构经营持续性方面从风险可控到稳步成长。论文在研究高质发展衡量方式的基础上,结合实际数据全面评估了我国政策性农业保险的现阶段发展水平,研究认为我国现阶段农业保险离高质量发展目标仍有距离,特别是对贫困地区的保障覆盖小,对现代农业的保障不足,大灾风险分散机制不健全,在农业风险防治方面的作用发挥有限。因此,建议通过调整财政补贴结构、拓宽专业化农业的保障范围、提升现代农业保障水平、落实灾害防治服务、筑牢巨灾风险分散机制等路径实现农业保险高质量发展。

The central government has been directly supporting the development of agricultural insurance since 2007,and since then,policy-based agricultural insurance has gradually transitioned from the phase of a single food security guarantee to a high-quality development stage that supports the transformation of agricultural modernization.The high-quality development of policy-based agricultural insurance must achieve a win-win situation for the four parties,that is,in the aspect of financial subsidies high efficiency of indirect support was achieved,industrial protection covers from ensuring food security to supporting modern agriculture,and farmers’benefits expands from compensation to stable income and increased income,and sustainable organizational operation gets improved from the stage of risk is controllable to that of steady growth.Based on the study of high-quality development measurement methods,the paper comprehensively evaluates the current level of development of China’s policy-based agricultural insurance based on actual data.The research concludes that the current agricultural insurance is still far from the goal of high-quality development,especially for poverty-stricken areas where the coverage of the insurance is small,the guarantee for modern agriculture is insufficient,the mechanism for dispersing catastrophe risks is not sound,and its role in agricultural risk prevention and control is limited.Therefore,it is recommended to achieve high-quality development of agricultural insurance by adjusting the structure of financial subsidies,broadening the scope of protection for specialized agriculture,improving the level of modern agricultural protection,implementing disaster prevention services,and strengthening the catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism.