苏联知识史委员会与第二届国际科学技术史大会

The Soviet Commission on the History of Knowledge and the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology

1931年苏联代表团参加在伦敦举行的第二届国际科学技术史大会是科学史学史上的重要事件。本文利用苏联政府机关与科学院的相关档案,以苏联知识史委员会的发展历程为主线,还原苏联方面选派代表参会始末。知识史委员会是俄罗斯历史上最早的科学史专门研究机构,20世纪20年代中期成为苏联最重要的科学史学术阵地之一。1931年苏联参会代表团中包括团长布哈林在内的4位院士均为该委员会成员。研究表明,在伦敦会议之前,经知识史委员会的努力,苏联科学史学科建制化已基本完成,且在苏联科学院共产主义化进程,尤其是布哈林的影响下,形成了以历史唯物主义为指导的马克思主义科学史观。伦敦会议是苏联科学史界对外交流的重要契机,苏联方面精心筹备并组建了强大的代表团,为马克思主义科学史观的传播提供了必要的前提条件。

The participation of the Soviet Union in the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology held in London in 1931 was an important event in the history of the historiography of science.Taking the development history of the Soviet Commission on the History of Knowledge as the main theme,this article looks back on the whole story of the Soviet Union's preparations for the London Congress,based on Soviet government and Academy of Sciences archives.The Commission on the History of Knowledge was the first specialized academic organization in Russia for the study of the history of science,and one of the most important academic centers for the historiography of science in the USSR from the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s.The four academicians of the Soviet delegation in 1931,including Bukharin,were all members of this Commission.This article shows that prior to the London Congress,Soviet historiography of science had been basically institutionalized,and under Bukharin's influence the Academy of Sciences had formed Marxist views on the history of science based on historical materialism.The London Congress provided the USSR with an opportunity for external exchanges,and the Soviet side meticulously prepared,organizing a strong delegation,and creating the necessary preconditions for the spread of Marxist views on the history of science.