广东湛江南美白对虾价值链实证研究

Empirical Study on Value Chain of Penaeus vannamei in Zhanjiang,Guangdong

文章采用实地调研法对广东湛江2018—2019年南美白对虾价值链的价值活动、增值结构及其形成原因进行深入剖析。研究发现:①在湛江南美白对虾价值链的育苗、养殖、批发和零售等环节中,养殖环节增值贡献率最高,为50.5%,利润分配最低仅25.6%;零售环节增值率低,仅为31.1%,利润比例分配却最高,高达51.8%;②造成养殖户投入高、收益低的原因包括养殖成本高、苗种质量不稳定、养殖户组织化程度低、议价能力差等。鉴于以上原因,建议:实行集约化和规模化养殖;加强种苗研发,提高种苗质量;大力发展专业合作社,提高养殖户议价能力;调节对虾价值链的利润合理分配,以促进渔民增收和产业健康发展。

In this paper,the field research method was used to analyze the value activities,value-added structures and the formation reasons of the value chain of Penaeus vannicus in Zhanjiang,Guangdong from 2018 to 2019.The results showed that:(1)among the seedling,breeding,wholesale and retail of Penaeus chinensis value chain in Zhanjiang,the increment contribution rate of the breeding link was the highest,50.5%,and the profit distribution was the lowest,only 25.6%.The value-added rate of the retail link was low,only 31.1%,but the distribution of profit ratio was the highest,reaching 51.8%.(2)The reasons for high input and low income of farmers included high breeding cost,unstable seedling quality,low level of organization of farmers,poor bargaining power,etc..In view of the above reasons,it was recommended to implement intensive and large-scale aquaculture;strengthen seedling research and development to improve seedling quality;vigorously develop professional cooperatives to improve farmers′bargaining power;adjust the reasonable distribution of profits in the shrimp value chain to promote fishermen′s income and industrial healthy development.