实体编程促进计算思维发展:工具与策略

Tangible Programming Promotes the Cultivation of Computational Thinking:Tools and Strategies

实体编程具有无屏幕、操作简单、编程指令实物化等特点,成为儿童计算思维培养的有效载体。该文从面向计算思维培养的编程教育形式出发,梳理国内外七种实体编程工具的特征与教育功能;结合相关案例,形成五种面向计算思维发展的儿童实体编程教学策略,包括编程主题生活化,编程任务细化分解、融合STEAM跨界素养、编程过程具象化、游戏化互动教学;并对我国儿童编程教育提出相关建议,为人工智能时代我国儿童计算思维的培养提供参考思路。

As a tool to promote the cultivation of computational thinking,tangible programming has no screen,simple operation,and materialized programming instructions,which has become an effective carrier for the cultivation of children’s computational thinking.Based on this,this article starts from the form of programming education for computational thinking training,sorts out the characteristics and educational functions of seven tangible programming tools at home and abroad;combined with relevant cases,forms five computational thinking-oriented tangible programming education models:life as the theme,Create real situations;decompose programming tasks and simplify complex issues;integrate disciplines and cultivate STEAM cross-border literacy;from experience to training,visualize the programming process;conform to children’s nature,gamified interactive teaching.Finally,based on the current development status of children’s programming education in my country,four suggestions for the cultivation of children’s computational thinking in the future are proposed in order to provide reference ideas for the cultivation of children’s computational thinking in the era of artificial intelligence.