从“责任田”实践到家庭承包制——基于安徽的考察

From Responsibility Farmland Practice to Rural Household Responsibility System-Anhui Perspective

本文回顾了中华人民共和国历史上出现的三次包产到户的情况,着重讲述了20世纪60年代的安徽"责任田"实践过程,以及20世纪70年代末到80年代初的安徽家庭承包制改革,以搭建包产到户思想与实践在前30年和后40年之间的联系。本文认为,"责任田"实践是家庭承包制改革的一个重要先声,并为家庭承包制改革奠定了群众基础和一定程度上的干部储备。家庭承包制在安徽的成功,既有普通农民群众的创造,也有各级干部的坚持。在宏观层面,则是以"实践是检验真理的唯一标准"为标志的思想解放运动为其提供了坚定的支持。

This paper reviews the three waves of contract production to households in the history of the People’s Republic of China,focusing on the practice process of“responsibility farmland”in Anhui Province in the 1960s,and the reform of the rural household responsibility system in Anhui Province from the late 1970s to the early 1980s,so as to build the connection between the thought and practice of contract production to households in the first 30 years and the last 40 years.This paper holds that the practice of“responsibility farmland”is an important prelude to the rural household responsibility system reform,and has laid a mass foundation for the latter,as well as a reserve of cadres to a certain extent.The success of the reform in Anhui lies in the creation of ordinary farmers and the insistence of cadres at all levels.At the macro level,the ideological liberation movement marked by“practice is the only standard for testing truth”has provided firm support for it.