集体化时代的林业建设与政区变动——以福建建西县为例(1958—1975)

The Forest Development and Administrative District Change:A Case of Jianxi County in Fujian Province(1958—1975)

建西地区地处闽北建溪、富屯溪之间,森林资源丰厚。1958年,当地因林业开发需求而设置林区,为解决林权矛盾,又在全国推进"政企合一"的资源开发模式驱动下,于1964年改置为建西县。后因林业事业受到冲击而趋于衰弱,随着林业管理体制变革,最终在1970年被裁撤,辖境划归顺昌管理,其下属的房道公社则于1975年从顺昌改隶建瓯。建西县是典型的事业型政区,因资源开发的行政指令而设县,缺乏足够的内生设治动力,加之立县时间短,林业相关人员占比较小,且与本地居民未能凝聚成稳固的地域整体,建西县最终裁撤且未发生复县运动。由此案可以发现,事业管理体制变动与内在设治需求乃是影响事业型政区存废的两大关键。

The Jianxi(建西)area,located at the corner of Jian River(建溪)and Futun River(富屯溪)in the north of Fujian Province,has rich forestry resources.Jianxi Forest District was built at 1958 for forestry development,then turn to Jianxi County at 1964 to solve the contradiction of forest rights,and eventually disappeared in the tide of abolishing the administrative district at 1970.In 1975,Fangdao(房道)commune,which belonged to Jianxi,was transferred from Shunchang(顺昌)County to Jianou(建瓯)County.Jianxi County was a typical Enterprise-style administrative district.Its endogenous nature as an administrative division had inherently insufficient.In addition,Jianxian County had a very short duration,and it did not condense into a stable territory at the local level.This is another important reason for the final abolition of Jianxi County and the failure to rehabilitate the county,in addition to economic factors.Thus it can be seen that the rise and fall of specific resource development and the internal demand of county setting are the two key factors affecting the preservation and abolition of Enterprise-style administrative division.