澳大利亚体育素养的构成、测评、培养及启示

Composition,Assessment,Cultivation and Enlightenment of Physical Literacy in Australia

体育素养对于改善人类生活质量有着至关重要的作用。从构成体系、测评和培养3个方面对澳大利亚体育素养进行分析,研究结果表明:澳大利亚体育素养经历了萌芽和具体构建阶段,形成了横向涵盖身体、心理、社会和认知4个学习领域,纵向覆盖无基础、基础和探索、习得与积累、巩固与掌握、迁移与运用5个发展阶段的完整体系,凸显了强调纵横联结、弱化绝对竞争、重视情境创设、聚焦原理领会的特点;体育素养的测评包含9个相互关联的步骤,要求测评者有一定的体育素养认知基础并具有整体性思维;在培养体育素养方面,通过发布《学校体育素养指南》和提供体育素养培养的实例,强调素养的培养应该"高站位""强思维"和"重体验"。我国未来还需要借鉴发达国家经验,制定全国性《体育素养标准》;满足政策迫切需求,形成规范的体育素养测评体系;积极应对健康挑战,构建体育素养培养的三维立体方案。

Physical literacy plays a vital role in improving the quality of human life.This article analyzes the physical literacy in Australia from three aspects:composition,assessment and cultivation.The results show that:Physical literacy in Australia has gone through the embryonic and specific construction stages,forming a complete system covering four learning fields of body,psychology,society and cognition horizontally,and five development stages of no foundation,foundation and exploration,acquisition and accumulation,consolidation and mastery,transfer and application,which highlights the emphasis on vertical and horizontal connection,weakening absolute competition,attaching importance to context creation and focusing on principle comprehension;The assessment of physical literacy consists of nine interrelated steps,requiring the assessor to have some cognitive basis in physical literacy and to think holistically;In the area of physical literacy cultivation,through issuing School Physical Literacy Guideline and providing examples of physical literacy cultivation,it emphasizes that physical literacy cultivation should be“high standing”,“strong thinking”and“emphasis on experience”.In the future,China needs to draw lessons from the experience of developed countries to formulate a national Physical Literacy Standards,to meet urgent policy needs to form a standardized physical literacy assessment system and to actively address health challenges to construct a three-dimensional program for physical literacy cultivation.