美国印太同盟体系的发展进程、态势与影响因素

An Exploration of the Developing Process,Posture and Influencing Factors of the U.S.Indo-Pacific Alliance System

美国的亚太同盟体系是一个以美国为中心的双边体系,保证了美国在亚太地区的军事存在和政治影响力,但是不同的双边同盟具有不同的目标和功能,并不是针对中国崛起的统一同盟体系。随着中国经济和军事力量的快速发展,美国、日本等开始积极推动印太同盟体系的构建,将印度纳入其中,构建一个以美日澳印四边安全对话机制为核心的统一同盟体系。由于澳大利亚和印度的反对,这一构想在2008年至2016年经受了挫折。但是,美国积极推动三边形式的同盟体系整合,为印太同盟体系的形成打下了坚实基础。2017年以后,美国主导的印太同盟体系取得了实质性进展,以四边安全对话机制为核心,同盟体系的扩大、整合和目标拓展都在不断推进。制衡中国崛起和美国对华政策的变化是美国构建印太同盟体系的主要原因,但之所以在过去几年中其印太同盟构建能够取得明显进展,中澳关系和中印关系的变化也是主要的影响因素。

The U.S.Asia-Pacific alliance system is a U.S.-centered bilateral system,which can ensure the military existence and political influence of the U.S.in the Asia-Pacific region.However,different bilateral alliances have difference goals and functions,and it is not a unitary alliance system aiming at China's rise.With the rise of Chinese economic and military power,The U.S.and Japan begun to promote the construction of Indo-Pacific alliance by including India into it and establishing a unitary alliance system with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue(Quad)among the U.S.,Japan,Australia and India as the core.Because of the opposition from Australia and India,this conception has met setbacks from 2008to 2016.But the U.S.actively promoted the trilateral alliance integration and made a solid basis for the Indo-pacific alliance system.Since 2017,the system dominated by the U.S.has made substantial progress.With the Quad as the core,the enlargement,integration and goal expansion of the system have been constantly increased.Containing China's rise and the change of America's China policy are the main causes for the U.S.Indo-Pacific alliance construction,but the changes of Sino-Australian relations and Sino-Indian relations are also the main factors in explaining the significant progress of U.S.Indo-Pacific alliance construction in recent years.