生物炭一次性施入对灌耕风沙土土壤性质及玉米产量的影响

Effects of one-time biochar input on soil properties and corn yield in irrigation sandy soil

以新疆主要低产土壤灌耕风沙土为研究对象,通过2015—2018年的田间定位试验,研究了生物炭不同添加量(0、22.5、67.5、112.5、225.0 t·hm^(-2))对土壤性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:生物炭于2011年一次性施入后,可明显降低土壤的容重,与初始土壤容重1.48 g·cm^(-3)相比,8 a后土壤容重降低至1.18~1.24 g·cm^(-3);施用生物炭后可以明显增加土壤中全氮、有机质及速效钾的含量,对土壤碱解氮的含量影响不明显,与对照相比,8 a后全氮、有机质及速效钾含量分别增加了14.42%~49.43%、22.02%~74.25%、1.27%~18.64%;随着定位试验的延续,一次性施用生物炭6 a后,土壤增碳、钾效应达到最大,随后逐年减弱,67.5 t·hm^(-2)的生物炭施用量最适宜;施用生物炭可以明显提高玉米产量,提高了9.4%~35.5%。

In this paper,the effect of biochar on irrigation sandy soil properties and corn yield was analyzed throughout the years of 2015 to 2018.The effects of different applications of biochar(0,22.5,67.5,112.5,225.0 t·hm^(-2))on soil properties and corn yield were studied.The results showed that the soil bulk density was significantly lower after one-time application of biochar in 2011.Compared with the initial soil bulk density of 1.48 g·cm^(-3),the soil bulk density decreased to 1.18~1.24 g·cm^(-3) after 8 years.Biochar application significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium in soil,but had no obvious effects on the content of soil available nitrogen.Compared with the control group,the contents of total nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium increased by 14.42%~49.43%,22.02%~74.25%and 1.27%~18.64%respectively after 8 years.With the extension of the location test,the effect of biochar on soil carbon and potassium reached the maximum after 6 years of one-time application,and then decreased year by year.It was necessary to apply biochar again after 6 years to improve soil fertility.67.5 t·hm^(-2) was the best amount.Application of biochar significantly increased corn yield by 9.4%~35.5%.Therefore,biochar can be used as an effective measure to improve soil fertility and corn yield in irrigation sandy soil.