基于光热地资源的特色农业精细区划指数模型——以韩城市花椒种植为例

The high-precision regionalization index model of characteristic agriculture based on light,heat and land resource--Taking the planting of Chinese prickly ash in Hancheng as an example

以陕西韩城市的特色农业——花椒种植为例,依据特色农作物生长发育所需光、热、地资源,选取年均太阳辐射量、日照时间、多年平均日气温、≥10℃活动积温、坡度、坡向作为适宜性区划评价指标,借助韩城及周边共计10个气象站的气象资料和数字高程模型(DEM),采用多元回归分析、空间插值、地形因子修正、指标量化分级等方法,构建了光热地资源的各区划指标空间分布精细化模型,从资源的可持续利用出发,通过熵权法建立了县域特色农业精细区划指数模型,提出了韩城花椒种植适宜性区划图并进行了分区评价。模型应用结果表明:韩城市花椒种植的最佳区域位于地势平坦且光热充足的东部黄河沿岸河谷川塬,但特色农业区划应与城镇规划协调发展;适宜区位于已有较好特色农业基础的西部浅山丘陵,可结合立体种植布局推进特色农业产业化;不适宜区分布于光热及地形条件较差的深山高岭,建议在该区发展林业和观光农业以追求资源均衡利用及发挥生态保护功能。

The characteristic agriculture of Hancheng,Shaanxi Province—Chinese prickly ash planting was taken as an example,and we selected six evaluation indices which covered light,heat and land resources for the growth of characteristic crops,such as annual solar radiation,sunshine duration,perennial average daily temperature,accumulated value of temperature≥10℃,slope and aspect.According to the meteorological data and DEM of 10 meteorological stations around Hancheng,we used multiple regression analysis,spatial interpolation,terrain factor correction,quantitative classification of indices and other methods to construct the high-precision spatial distribution model of each index.After that,the entropy weight method was used to construct the high-precision agricultural regionalization index model,and then we created suitability zoning map for Chinese prickly ash planting in Hancheng.The model application results showed that the best areas for prickly ash cultivation were located in the river valley plateau along the Yellow River in the east of Hancheng where the land was flat and full of light and heat,allowing the prickly ash cultivation to be part of planning of characteristic agriculture and urban development.The suitable areas were distributed in the western hills with a good foundation for characteristic agriculture,and stereoscopic planting can be combined to promote the industrialization of characteristic agriculture.The unsuitable areas were distributed in the remote mountains with poor photothermal and topographic conditions.The results suggest that forestry and sightseeing agriculture should be developed in these areas in order to pursue a balance between utilization of resources and function of ecological protection.