梳齿-气吸式花椒采摘机设计与试验

The design and test of air suction pepper harvester device

由于花椒树枝伸展长、带刺以及果实小,现阶段仍以人工采收为主,采摘效率低下。为提高花椒采收效率和质量,现设计出一种齿梳-气吸式采摘装置,并对采摘流场进行理论分析。为提高气吸式花椒采摘装置的作业质量,以“大红袍”和“刺椒”花椒品种为试验对象,利用自制的气吸式花椒采摘装置,以采摘头转速、气流速度、梳齿式刀片刃口角为影响因素,以采净率、损伤率以及采收净度为评价指标,进行了二次旋转正交组合试验。通过Design-Expert 6.0.10软件,建立了评价指标与诸影响因素的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对评价指标的影响,优化试验参数。确定最优参数组合为:采摘头转速367.5 r·min^(-1),气流速度32.7 m·s^(-1),梳齿式刀片刃口角31.5°。在此参数组合下采收效果为:采净率95.2%,损伤率1.2%,采收净度96.5%(即含杂率3.5%)。加工梳齿刀片刃口角32°,调整风机流速30 m·s^(-1)、采摘头转速为350 r·min^(-1)进行验证实验,采收效果:采净率91.8%,相对误差5.3%,损伤率1.3%,相对误差8.3%,采收净度92.5%,相对误差4.1%,各指标符合设计需求。

Due to the extension of the branches,thorns and small fruits of zanthoxylum bungeanum,manual picking is still a main method for harvesting,which has a low efficiency.In order to improve the harvesting efficiency and quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum,a tooth comb-air suction picking device and theoretical analysis of picking flow field was tested.To improve the operation quality of the air suction pepper picking device,the“dahongpao”and“thorn pepper”pepper varieties were used as the test objects,and the self-made air suction pepper picking device was used with the picking head speed,air flow speed and comb cutting edge angle of the blade as factors.The recovery rate,damage rate,were used as evaluation indicators to conduct a quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test.Through Design-Expert 6.0.10 software,a mathematical regression model of the evaluation index and various influencing factors was established,the impact of significant factors on the evaluation index was analyzed and the test parameters were optimized.The optimal parameter combination was determined as follows:picking head speed 367.5 r·min^(-1),air velocity 32.7 m·s^(-1),comb-tooth blade cutting edge angle 31.5°.Under this parameter combination,the harvesting effect was:the net recovery rate was 95.2%,the damage rate was 1.2%,and the recovery rate was 96.5%(that is the impurity content rate was 3.5%).The cutting-edge angle of the comb blade was 32°,the fan flow rate was adjusted to 30 m·s^(-1),the picking head speed was 350 r·min^(-1),and the verification experiment was conducted.The harvesting effect:the net recovery rate was 91.8%,the relative error was 5.3%,and the damage rate was 1.3%.The relative error was 8.3%,the harvest cleanliness was 92.5%,and the relative error was 4.1%,which met the design requirements.