新一轮农地确权对耕地生态保护的影响——以化肥、农药施用为例

The Impact of the New Round of Farmland Certification on the Ecological Protection of Cultivated Land:Taking theApplication of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides as Examples

本文利用中国农村家庭追踪调查(CRHPS)数据库3期农户面板追踪数据,以化肥和农药为例,运用符合新一轮农地确权改革渐进性特点的多期DID模型和OLS模型实证检验了农地确权对耕地生态保护的影响。研究发现,农地确权通过提升地权稳定性、地权安全性和地权完整性,强化了农户层面的耕地生态保护,它不仅使得农户每亩化肥投入额减少了17%,化肥施用量减少了9.41千克,也使得农户每亩农药投入额减少了12%,农药施用量减少了143.14毫升。不过,农地确权对耕地生态保护的影响也存在一定的异质性,农地确权主要对一兼农户有显著的影响,而对二兼农户的影响较小。因此,未来有必要通过产权保护推动耕地保护,针对不同群体采取差别化的耕地保护策略,进一步深化以化肥、农药减量为目标的耕地生态保护。

This article uses the three-phase farmer panel tracking data of the China Rural Household Panel Survey(CRHPS),taking fertilizers and pesticides as examples,and empirically tests the impact of land certification on ecological protection of cultivated land.It adopts the time-varying DID model and OLS model which are consistent with the gradual characteristics of the new round of farmland certification.The study shows that land certification strengthens land ecological protection at the farmers’level by improving the stability,security and integrity of land property rights.It not only reduces farmers’chemical fertilizer input by 17%and fertilizer use by 9.41 kg per mu,but also reduces their pesticide input by 12%and the use of pesticide by 143.14 ml per mu.However,the impact of land certification on farmland ecological protection also has a certain heterogeneity.Farmland certification mainly has a significant effect on the part-time farmers mainly engaged in agriculture,but it has a less impact on the part-time farmers mainly engaged in off-farm employment.Therefore,it is necessary to promote land protection through property rights protection,adopt differentiated land protection strategies for different groups,and further deepen land ecological protection with the goalofreducing the useof chemicalfertilizers and pesticides in the future.