妊娠期阴道感染病原菌与不良妊娠结局的研究进展

Study progress on vaginal infection pathogenic bacteria and adverse pregnancy outcomes during pregnant period

女性因妊娠期激素水平和阴道内环境变化,阴道菌群构成也随之改变,从构成比占优势的乳酸杆菌转变为更多样复杂的菌群。某些阴道定植菌比例和数量的变化,可引发宫腔感染。阴道细菌感染可分为细菌性阴道病和需氧菌阴道炎两种类型,前者以厌氧菌和兼性厌氧菌为主,后者以需氧定植菌为主,二者在致病、感染模式上存在明显不同,都与不良妊娠结局相关。该文就不同细菌在妊娠期女性阴道感染中的特点及其对妊娠进程、胚胎发育、母婴安全等方面的影响进行综述。

Due to the changes of hormone levels during pregnancy and the environment in the vagina,the composition of vaginal microbiota also changes,from Lactobacillus with dominant constituent ratio to more diverse and complex flora.The changes in the proportion and number of some vaginal colonization bacteria can cause the uterine infection.The vaginal bacterial infection can divide into the two types of bacterial vaginosis and aerbic vaginosis.The former is dominated by anaerobes and facultative anaerobes,while the latter is mainly aerobic colonization bacteria.They have significant differences in pathogenicity and infection patterns,and all are correlated with the adverse pregnant outcomes.This article reviews the characteristics of different bacteria in vaginal infection during pregnancy and their effects on the pregnancy progress,embryonic development,maternal and infant safety.