《民法典》“房随地走、地随房走”的规范要义

The Normative Essentials of"the Building Aligned with Transferred Land and the Land Aligned with Transferred Building"in Civil Code

"房随地走、地随房走"是理顺土地和房屋关系的基本规范,其目的不仅在于保持房屋的经济效用,还在于简化建设用地使用权的结构和层级,简化土地物权与房屋所有权关系,这便于界定权利和促进交易。该规范具有严格的构成要件,因而有相应的适用范围,用地建房的过程、限期拆除的违法建筑等不应适用该规范。该规范的法律后果是建设用地使用权和房屋所有权一并转让、抵押或查封。在这两种权利的价值能分离时,当事人约定仅转让或抵押其中一个权利的约定有效,在权利一并转让后,未转让或抵押的权利价值应返还给原权利人。

"The building aligned with transferred land and the land aligned with transferred building"constitutes the basic rule to straighten out the relationship between lands and buildings.Not only to maintain the building’s economic utility,but it also aims to simplify the structure and hierarchy of the right to use construction land,and simplify the relationship between land property and building ownership,which would facilitates defining rights as well as facilitates transactions.Only when the value of the two rights is enabled to be separated,the parties’agreement on only transferring or mortgaging one of the rights would become valid;and after the concurrent transfer of the rights,the value of the untransferred or unmortgaged rights should be returned to the original obligee.