儿童发展权视角下网络游戏法律规制的体系化构建

Systematic Construction of Legal Regulation of Online Games from the Perspective of Children’s Right to Development

未成年人沉迷于网络游戏的现象引发了社会各界对儿童发展权保护的强烈关注。发展权是一个概括性、综合性和兜底性的基本人权。在网络游戏领域,包括儿童健康权、文化活动权、财产权和其他发展权在内的儿童发展权容易受到侵害。国家有防止儿童发展权遭受第三方侵害的保护义务,主要通过立法在儿童发展权与企业营业自由之间进行利益衡量,最终形成儿童健康发展与网络游戏产业繁荣的共赢局面。网络游戏身份认证、网络游戏内容分级、网络游戏时间控制、网络游戏充值限制形成了法律规制的四大环节,需要立法进一步全方位精细化制度标准。具体需建立“多元双向统一”的身份认证机制、实施“绿色健康”分级管理制度、设立精细化的计时限制系统、规范收费限制措施及费用返还救济机制。

The phenomenon that minors are addicted to online games has aroused strong concern from all circles on the protection of children’s rights of development. The rights of development are general,comprehensive and basic human rights. In the field of online games, children’s rights of development, including children’s rights of health,rights of cultural activities,property rights and other development rights,are easily infringed. The state has the protection obligation to prevent children’s right of development from being infringed by the third party. It mainly balances the interests between children’s rights of development and business freedom through legislation,and finally forms an all-win situation between the healthy development of children and the prosperity of online game industry.Online game identity authentication, online game content grading, online game time control and online game recharge restriction form four major links of legal regulation,which need legislation to further refine the system standards in all directions. Specifically,it is necessary to establish a"multiple,subtle and unified"identity authentication mechanism,implement a"green and healthy"hierarchical management system,set up a refined timing restriction system,standardize the charging restriction measures,and relief mechanism for return of expenses.