抗运动疲劳食源性活性成分的研究进展

Research progress of food-derived active ingredients for anti-motion fatigue

运动疲劳是一种当训练和比赛负荷超过机体所承受的能力时,产生的短暂的生理机能减退的现象。一般包括肌肉疲劳、内脏疲劳和神经疲劳。对于运动员来说,消除疲劳的方法有整理活动、物理疗法、睡眠、温水浴、营养和药物等。近年来,食源性活性成分多种多样,包括活性肽类、氨基酸类、糖类、维生素、生物碱和皂苷类等天然活性产物,在不同的领域都具有重要的作用,尤其是在抗运动疲劳中逐渐呈现出经济实惠、治疗多样化且便捷高效的独特优势,日益受到大众的关注。本文分别以运动疲劳机制和食源性活性成分为基础,着重对生物活性肽、食源性多酚、萝卜硫素、食源性皂苷类、食源性多糖、黄酮、咖啡碱等食源性活性成分对抗运动疲劳作用进行研究概述,为在食品领域解决运动疲劳性开拓思路,为研究具有抗运动疲劳作用的新型的食品提供参考,进而促进多功能性食品的发展。

Sports fatigue is a phenomenon of short-term physiological decline when the load of training and competition exceeds the capacity of the body,and it generally includes muscle fatigue,visceral fatigue and nerve fatigue.For athletes,the methods to eliminate fatigue include tidying up activities,physical therapy,sleep,warm bath,nutrition and medicine.In recent years,active ingredients from food sources are diverse,including active peptides,amino acids,carbohydrates,vitamins,alkaloids,and saponins and other natural active products,which have important roles in different fields,especially in anti-exercise fatigue,the unique advantages of economy,diversified treatment,convenience and efficiency are gradually presented,and the public is paying more and more attention.This article was based on the mechanism of exercise fatigue and active ingredients from food sources,and focused on the research overview on anti-motion fatigue effect of bioactive peptides,food-derived polyphenols,sulforaphane,food-derived saponins,food-derived polysaccharides,flavonoids,caffeine and other food-derived active ingredients,in order to open up ideas for solving sports fatigue in the food field,and to study anti-motion fatigue effects,providing theoretical basis on new types of food,and then promote the development of multifunctional food.